Judicial Law Clerks
Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents.
- O*NET-SOC code
23-1012.00 - Preparation Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Wages
Median annual wage, U.S.$64,920
Employment, U.S.13,290
Median hourly wage$31.21
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $46,180 | $52,870 | $64,920 | $80,420 | $113,140 |
By state (39)
| State | Employment | Median annual | Location quotient |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | 140 | $67,580 | 4.92 |
| Arizona | 250 | $60,170 | 0.90 |
| Arkansas | 50 | $80,150 | 0.47 |
| California | 1,800 | $79,030 | 1.15 |
| Colorado | 140 | $67,230 | 0.55 |
| Connecticut | 270 | $98,670 | 1.83 |
| Delaware | 100 | $64,720 | 2.39 |
| Florida | 1,300 | $55,180 | 1.53 |
| Georgia | 560 | $55,120 | 1.33 |
| Hawaii | 330 | $47,010 | 6.09 |
| Idaho | 60 | $75,540 | 0.81 |
| Indiana | 70 | $57,140 | 0.24 |
| Iowa | 90 | $64,260 | 0.65 |
| Kansas | 40 | $45,720 | 0.31 |
| Louisiana | 90 | $63,180 | 0.55 |
| Maine | 30 | $67,890 | 0.62 |
| Maryland | 370 | $70,110 | 1.55 |
| Massachusetts | 500 | $143,350 | 1.61 |
| Michigan | 280 | $62,260 | 0.76 |
| Minnesota | 410 | $71,070 | 1.61 |
| Missouri | 100 | $66,060 | 0.42 |
| Montana | 40 | $47,320 | 0.92 |
| Nebraska | 110 | $49,570 | 1.25 |
| Nevada | 70 | $69,600 | 0.50 |
| New Jersey | 530 | $58,890 | 1.44 |
| New York | 850 | $133,320 | 1.03 |
| North Dakota | 40 | $85,530 | 1.19 |
| Ohio | 240 | $49,840 | 0.50 |
| Oklahoma | 130 | $44,990 | 0.89 |
| Oregon | 30 | $86,870 | 0.20 |
| Pennsylvania | 970 | $50,590 | 1.87 |
| South Carolina | 230 | $50,330 | 1.19 |
| Tennessee | 400 | $75,190 | 1.44 |
| Texas | 220 | $63,130 | 0.18 |
| Utah | 630 | $51,900 | 4.23 |
| Virginia | 380 | $65,940 | 1.09 |
| Washington | 580 | $80,240 | 1.92 |
| West Virginia | 260 | $52,120 | 4.27 |
| Wisconsin | 180 | $54,250 | 0.72 |
Similar occupations
Similarity is our measure: the cosine of importance x level over all 120 O*NET skills, knowledge areas and abilities. It is not an O*NET finding. More.
Circles are the 20 most similar occupations, coloured by Job Zone. Lines join pairs where one is among the other's 10 most similar; darker lines are pairs O*NET also lists as related. Drag a circle to move it out of the way; select one to open it.
| # | Occupation | Job Zone | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers | 5 | 0.981 |
| 2 | Lawyers | 5 | 0.962 |
| 3 | Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates | 5 | 0.949 |
| 4 | Regulatory Affairs Specialists | 4 | 0.945 |
| 5 | Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts | 4 | 0.943 |
| 6 | Paralegals and Legal Assistants | 3 | 0.942 |
| 7 | Law Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.941 |
| 8 | Intelligence Analysts | 4 | 0.941 |
| 9 | Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators | 5 | 0.930 |
| 10 | Loan Interviewers and Clerks | 3 | 0.927 |
One skill away
Among the 50 occupations most similar to Judicial Law Clerks, those at the same Job Zone or lower, where exactly one skill rated at least 3 in importance needs a level more than 0.75 points higher (on O*NET's 0-7 level scale). Our definition. Change the thresholds.
| Occupation | Skill to build | Level gap | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loan Interviewers and Clerks | Mathematics | 1.37 | 0.927 |
| News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists | Social Perceptiveness | 0.76 | 0.923 |
| Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants | Service Orientation | 0.87 | 0.912 |
| Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents | Mathematics | 1.50 | 0.906 |
| Brokerage Clerks | Mathematics | 1.75 | 0.902 |
| Tax Preparers | Mathematics | 1.25 | 0.894 |
| Human Resources Specialists | Social Perceptiveness | 0.76 | 0.893 |
| Credit Analysts | Mathematics | 2.37 | 0.890 |
Software to learn next
Software used by at least 3 of the 20 occupations most similar to Judicial Law Clerks, excluding software Judicial Law Clerks already lists and any you named. Ranked by how many of them use it, weighted by how much more common it is among them than across all occupations (lift). Our ranking.
| Software | Similar jobs using it | Lift |
|---|---|---|
| LexisNexis CaseMap | 3 of 20 | 46.2x |
| AbacusNext HotDocs | 3 of 20 | 34.6x |
| Online databases | 3 of 20 | 17.3x |
| Microsoft SharePoint | 9 of 20 | 2.5x |
| Tax software | 4 of 20 | 5.4x |
| NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software | 3 of 20 | 3.7x |
| Microsoft Publisher | 4 of 20 | 2.0x |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 4 of 20 | 2.0x |
| R | 4 of 20 | 1.8x |
| Microsoft Visio | 5 of 20 | 1.5x |
Skills
From O*NET data. Importance is rated 1 to 5 and level 0 to 7.
| Skill | Type | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reading Comprehension | Essential skill | 4.50 | 4.88 |
| Critical Thinking | Essential skill | 4.25 | 4.62 |
| Active Listening | Essential skill | 4.25 | 4.25 |
| Writing | Essential skill | 4.12 | 4.38 |
| Speaking | Essential skill | 4.00 | 4.25 |
| Active Learning | Essential skill | 3.75 | 4.12 |
| Complex Problem Solving | Transferable skill | 3.50 | 3.62 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | Transferable skill | 3.25 | 3.62 |
| Time Management | Transferable skill | 3.25 | 3.25 |
| Monitoring | Essential skill | 3.00 | 3.25 |
| Social Perceptiveness | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.12 |
| Coordination | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Learning Strategies | Essential skill | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Persuasion | Transferable skill | 2.75 | 3.25 |
| Negotiation | Transferable skill | 2.75 | 2.88 |
| Service Orientation | Transferable skill | 2.62 | 2.88 |
| Instructing | Transferable skill | 2.62 | 2.75 |
| Systems Analysis | Transferable skill | 2.38 | 2.38 |
| Systems Evaluation | Transferable skill | 2.38 | 2.38 |
| Mathematics | Essential skill | 1.88 | 1.75 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | Transferable skill | 1.75 | 0.88 |
| Quality Control Analysis | Transferable skill | 1.75 | 0.88 |
| Technology Design | Transferable skill | 1.62 | 0.75 |
| Programming | Transferable skill | 1.50 | 0.62 |
| Management of Material Resources | Transferable skill | 1.25 | not rated |
| Operations Analysis | Transferable skill | 1.25 | not rated |
| Operations Monitoring | Transferable skill | 1.25 | not rated |
| Equipment Maintenance | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Equipment Selection | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Installation | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Management of Financial Resources | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Operation and Control | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Repairing | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Science | Essential skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Troubleshooting | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
Knowledge (33) and abilities (52)
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Law and Government | 4.88 | 5.21 |
| English Language | 4.45 | 5.08 |
| Administrative | 3.50 | 3.61 |
| Computers and Electronics | 2.88 | 3.32 |
| Public Safety and Security | 2.74 | 2.01 |
| Administration and Management | 2.26 | 1.79 |
| Communications and Media | 2.23 | 2.22 |
| Customer and Personal Service | 2.00 | 1.94 |
| History and Archeology | 1.79 | 1.78 |
| Economics and Accounting | 1.75 | 1.01 |
| Mathematics | 1.68 | 1.15 |
| Philosophy and Theology | 1.65 | not rated |
| Psychology | 1.54 | not rated |
| Personnel and Human Resources | 1.51 | 1.09 |
| Telecommunications | 1.51 | 0.55 |
| Geography | 1.49 | 0.96 |
| Education and Training | 1.44 | 0.65 |
| Foreign Language | 1.43 | 0.51 |
| Sociology and Anthropology | 1.35 | not rated |
| Transportation | 1.31 | 0.63 |
| Design | 1.20 | not rated |
| Therapy and Counseling | 1.17 | not rated |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1.16 | not rated |
| Biology | 1.09 | not rated |
| Building and Construction | 1.08 | not rated |
| Sales and Marketing | 1.08 | not rated |
| Chemistry | 1.07 | not rated |
| Mechanical | 1.07 | not rated |
| Physics | 1.02 | not rated |
| Engineering and Technology | 1.00 | not rated |
| Fine Arts | 1.00 | not rated |
| Food Production | 1.00 | not rated |
| Production and Processing | 1.00 | not rated |
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Written Comprehension | 4.50 | 4.88 |
| Oral Comprehension | 4.25 | 4.75 |
| Written Expression | 4.25 | 4.50 |
| Oral Expression | 4.12 | 4.38 |
| Near Vision | 3.88 | 4.25 |
| Inductive Reasoning | 3.88 | 4.00 |
| Speech Clarity | 3.88 | 3.88 |
| Speech Recognition | 3.88 | 3.88 |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.75 | 4.00 |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.75 | 3.75 |
| Information Ordering | 3.75 | 3.62 |
| Category Flexibility | 3.50 | 3.50 |
| Fluency of Ideas | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Selective Attention | 3.00 | 2.88 |
| Far Vision | 2.88 | 2.88 |
| Flexibility of Closure | 2.75 | 3.00 |
| Originality | 2.75 | 2.88 |
| Memorization | 2.62 | 2.88 |
| Mathematical Reasoning | 2.50 | 2.88 |
| Number Facility | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| Perceptual Speed | 2.50 | 2.38 |
| Visual Color Discrimination | 2.50 | 2.25 |
| Time Sharing | 2.38 | 2.00 |
| Speed of Closure | 2.25 | 2.50 |
| Auditory Attention | 2.00 | 1.62 |
| Visualization | 1.88 | 1.88 |
| Finger Dexterity | 1.88 | 1.50 |
| Hearing Sensitivity | 1.75 | 1.38 |
| Wrist-Finger Speed | 1.62 | 0.75 |
| Trunk Strength | 1.50 | 1.00 |
| Manual Dexterity | 1.38 | 0.38 |
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | 1.25 | not rated |
| Control Precision | 1.25 | not rated |
| Dynamic Strength | 1.25 | not rated |
| Depth Perception | 1.00 | not rated |
| Dynamic Flexibility | 1.00 | not rated |
| Explosive Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
| Extent Flexibility | 1.00 | not rated |
| Glare Sensitivity | 1.00 | not rated |
| Gross Body Coordination | 1.00 | not rated |
| Gross Body Equilibrium | 1.00 | not rated |
| Multilimb Coordination | 1.00 | not rated |
| Night Vision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Peripheral Vision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Rate Control | 1.00 | not rated |
| Reaction Time | 1.00 | not rated |
| Response Orientation | 1.00 | not rated |
| Sound Localization | 1.00 | not rated |
| Spatial Orientation | 1.00 | not rated |
| Speed of Limb Movement | 1.00 | not rated |
| Stamina | 1.00 | not rated |
| Static Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
Software used
Examples from O*NET data. "Hot" and "in demand" are O*NET flags for technologies often listed in job postings.
- Microsoft Excel in demand
- Microsoft Office software in demand
- Microsoft Outlook in demand
- Thomson Reuters Westlaw in demand
- Adobe Acrobat hot
- Microsoft Access hot
- Microsoft PowerPoint hot
- Microsoft Windows hot
- Microsoft Word hot
- Aderant CompuLaw
- Advanced Technologies Class Act
- American Legalnet Smart Dockets
- American Legalnet eDockets
- Canyon Solutions Jcats
- Compugov DocketView
- Corel WordPerfect Office Suite
- Infocom JACS
- Justice Systems FullCourt Enterprise
- Legal Files software
- Levare Center Court
- LexisNexis
- LexisNexis CourtLink Strategic Profiles
- LexisNexis Lexis Advance
- LexisNexis SmartLinx
- New Dawn Technologies JustWare Court
- Oracle JavaServer Pages JSP
- Orion Law Management Systems Orion
- PTS Solutions WinJuris Court Solutions
- Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER)
- Syscon Court Clerk
All 34
- Thomson Reuters Elite ProLaw
- Thomson Reuters WestlawNext
- Web browser software
- WordPerfect
Where it concentrates
Metro areas ranked by BLS location quotient: the occupation's share of the area's jobs divided by its share of all US jobs. Above 1 means more concentrated than the nation. Metros employing fewer than 100 are left out.
| Metro area | Employment | Location quotient | Median annual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tallahassee, FL | 160 | 10.22 | $51,980 |
| Salt Lake City-Murray, UT | 300 | 4.26 | $56,080 |
| Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN | 280 | 2.96 | $74,010 |
| Pittsburgh, PA | 240 | 2.50 | $50,590 |
| Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT | 120 | 2.41 | $101,890 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA | 340 | 2.32 | $80,420 |
| Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 240 | 2.06 | $70,110 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | 460 | 1.88 | $58,890 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA | 320 | 1.79 | $80,240 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 290 | 1.71 | $69,200 |