Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements.
- O*NET-SOC code
23-1021.00 - Preparation Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Wages
Median annual wage, U.S.$117,860
Employment, U.S.16,370
Median hourly wage$56.67
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $61,110 | $81,140 | $117,860 | $159,680 | $207,480 |
By state (41)
| State | Employment | Median annual | Location quotient |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 70 | $134,810 | 0.32 |
| Arizona | 300 | $123,240 | 0.89 |
| Arkansas | 340 | $63,660 | 2.46 |
| Colorado | 220 | $121,410 | 0.71 |
| Connecticut | 300 | $95,310 | 1.69 |
| Delaware | 70 | $56,830 | 1.39 |
| District of Columbia | 300 | $181,060 | 3.99 |
| Florida | 570 | $115,920 | 0.55 |
| Georgia | 490 | $67,990 | 0.96 |
| Hawaii | 50 | $106,480 | 0.77 |
| Idaho | 110 | $65,050 | 1.17 |
| Illinois | 550 | $104,990 | 0.85 |
| Indiana | 70 | $145,290 | 0.21 |
| Iowa | 80 | $123,500 | 0.51 |
| Kansas | 40 | $126,570 | 0.28 |
| Louisiana | 140 | $126,440 | 0.68 |
| Maine | 120 | $75,960 | 1.73 |
| Maryland | 430 | $133,460 | 1.49 |
| Massachusetts | 270 | $113,750 | 0.70 |
| Michigan | 390 | $127,420 | 0.84 |
| Minnesota | 120 | $126,360 | 0.40 |
| Mississippi | 110 | $66,310 | 0.91 |
| Missouri | 160 | $129,670 | 0.53 |
| Montana | 90 | $83,910 | 1.65 |
| Nebraska | 30 | $117,060 | 0.31 |
| Nevada | 170 | $87,240 | 1.05 |
| New Jersey | 330 | $128,320 | 0.74 |
| New Mexico | 140 | $80,800 | 1.57 |
| New York | 1,400 | $123,170 | 1.37 |
| North Carolina | 260 | $129,960 | 0.50 |
| Ohio | 690 | $79,000 | 1.19 |
| Oklahoma | 90 | $122,930 | 0.51 |
| Oregon | 480 | $89,220 | 2.34 |
| Pennsylvania | 800 | $98,010 | 1.26 |
| South Carolina | 130 | $94,880 | 0.54 |
| Tennessee | 380 | $107,740 | 1.09 |
| Texas | 1,300 | $100,400 | 0.88 |
| Utah | 190 | $103,380 | 1.05 |
| Washington | 330 | $122,390 | 0.89 |
| West Virginia | 90 | $78,870 | 1.16 |
| Wisconsin | 60 | $132,250 | 0.19 |
Similar occupations
Similarity is our measure: the cosine of importance x level over all 120 O*NET skills, knowledge areas and abilities. It is not an O*NET finding. More.
Circles are the 20 most similar occupations, coloured by Job Zone. Lines join pairs where one is among the other's 10 most similar; darker lines are pairs O*NET also lists as related. Drag a circle to move it out of the way; select one to open it.
| # | Occupation | Job Zone | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judicial Law Clerks | 5 | 0.981 |
| 2 | Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates | 5 | 0.978 |
| 3 | Lawyers | 5 | 0.973 |
| 4 | Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts | 4 | 0.956 |
| 5 | Law Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.953 |
| 6 | Regulatory Affairs Specialists | 4 | 0.952 |
| 7 | Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers | 4 | 0.948 |
| 8 | Paralegals and Legal Assistants | 3 | 0.943 |
| 9 | Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators | 5 | 0.942 |
| 10 | Labor Relations Specialists | 4 | 0.941 |
One skill away
Among the 50 occupations most similar to Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers, those at the same Job Zone or lower, where exactly one skill rated at least 3 in importance needs a level more than 0.75 points higher (on O*NET's 0-7 level scale). Our definition. Change the thresholds.
| Occupation | Skill to build | Level gap | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates | Complex Problem Solving | 1.00 | 0.978 |
| Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts | Mathematics | 0.87 | 0.956 |
| Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators | Negotiation | 1.38 | 0.942 |
| Loan Interviewers and Clerks | Mathematics | 0.87 | 0.930 |
| Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents | Mathematics | 1.00 | 0.915 |
| Brokerage Clerks | Mathematics | 1.25 | 0.902 |
Software to learn next
Software used by at least 3 of the 20 occupations most similar to Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers, excluding software Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers already lists and any you named. Ranked by how many of them use it, weighted by how much more common it is among them than across all occupations (lift). Our ranking.
| Software | Similar jobs using it | Lift |
|---|---|---|
| LexisNexis CaseMap | 3 of 20 | 46.2x |
| Orion Law Management Systems Orion | 3 of 20 | 46.2x |
| AbacusNext HotDocs | 3 of 20 | 34.6x |
| Microsoft SharePoint | 10 of 20 | 2.8x |
| Tax software | 4 of 20 | 5.4x |
| Corel WordPerfect Office Suite | 4 of 20 | 2.9x |
| NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software | 3 of 20 | 3.7x |
| Microsoft Visio | 6 of 20 | 1.9x |
| Structured query language SQL | 5 of 20 | 1.5x |
| Microsoft Project | 6 of 20 | 1.4x |
Skills
From O*NET data. Importance is rated 1 to 5 and level 0 to 7.
| Skill | Type | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active Listening | Essential skill | 4.50 | 5.75 |
| Critical Thinking | Essential skill | 4.50 | 5.25 |
| Reading Comprehension | Essential skill | 4.50 | 5.00 |
| Writing | Essential skill | 4.25 | 5.12 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | Transferable skill | 4.25 | 4.88 |
| Speaking | Essential skill | 4.12 | 5.00 |
| Active Learning | Essential skill | 4.00 | 4.25 |
| Social Perceptiveness | Transferable skill | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Complex Problem Solving | Transferable skill | 3.88 | 4.00 |
| Monitoring | Essential skill | 3.88 | 4.00 |
| Time Management | Transferable skill | 3.38 | 3.38 |
| Negotiation | Transferable skill | 3.12 | 3.50 |
| Persuasion | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.62 |
| Coordination | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Learning Strategies | Essential skill | 3.00 | 2.88 |
| Instructing | Transferable skill | 2.88 | 3.00 |
| Service Orientation | Transferable skill | 2.88 | 3.00 |
| Systems Analysis | Transferable skill | 2.88 | 2.88 |
| Systems Evaluation | Transferable skill | 2.88 | 2.88 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | Transferable skill | 2.38 | 2.50 |
| Mathematics | Essential skill | 2.12 | 2.25 |
| Management of Financial Resources | Transferable skill | 1.50 | 0.75 |
| Operations Analysis | Transferable skill | 1.50 | 0.62 |
| Science | Essential skill | 1.38 | 0.38 |
| Technology Design | Transferable skill | 1.38 | 0.38 |
| Management of Material Resources | Transferable skill | 1.25 | not rated |
| Programming | Transferable skill | 1.25 | not rated |
| Operations Monitoring | Transferable skill | 1.12 | not rated |
| Equipment Maintenance | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Equipment Selection | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Installation | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Operation and Control | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Quality Control Analysis | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Repairing | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Troubleshooting | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
Knowledge (33) and abilities (52)
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Law and Government | 4.86 | 6.51 |
| English Language | 4.86 | 6.11 |
| Administrative | 3.26 | 4.06 |
| Computers and Electronics | 2.74 | 3.40 |
| Customer and Personal Service | 2.57 | 3.20 |
| Administration and Management | 2.49 | 3.06 |
| Psychology | 2.35 | 2.68 |
| Mathematics | 2.26 | 2.82 |
| Education and Training | 2.21 | 2.62 |
| Public Safety and Security | 2.14 | 1.94 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | 2.11 | 2.51 |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1.94 | 1.54 |
| Telecommunications | 1.86 | 1.85 |
| Sociology and Anthropology | 1.80 | 1.69 |
| Communications and Media | 1.76 | 1.74 |
| Therapy and Counseling | 1.69 | 1.20 |
| Economics and Accounting | 1.59 | 1.24 |
| Philosophy and Theology | 1.41 | 1.24 |
| Biology | 1.40 | not rated |
| History and Archeology | 1.38 | 1.21 |
| Geography | 1.37 | 0.97 |
| Foreign Language | 1.37 | 0.89 |
| Transportation | 1.24 | not rated |
| Engineering and Technology | 1.18 | not rated |
| Physics | 1.17 | not rated |
| Production and Processing | 1.12 | not rated |
| Building and Construction | 1.09 | not rated |
| Chemistry | 1.09 | not rated |
| Design | 1.09 | not rated |
| Fine Arts | 1.06 | not rated |
| Mechanical | 1.03 | not rated |
| Food Production | 1.00 | not rated |
| Sales and Marketing | 1.00 | not rated |
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Comprehension | 4.62 | 5.12 |
| Written Comprehension | 4.62 | 5.12 |
| Deductive Reasoning | 4.50 | 4.88 |
| Inductive Reasoning | 4.38 | 5.00 |
| Oral Expression | 4.38 | 5.00 |
| Written Expression | 4.12 | 5.00 |
| Speech Clarity | 4.00 | 4.25 |
| Speech Recognition | 4.00 | 4.12 |
| Information Ordering | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Problem Sensitivity | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Near Vision | 3.88 | 4.62 |
| Category Flexibility | 3.12 | 3.12 |
| Selective Attention | 3.12 | 3.12 |
| Fluency of Ideas | 2.88 | 3.38 |
| Originality | 2.88 | 3.12 |
| Flexibility of Closure | 2.88 | 2.88 |
| Time Sharing | 2.88 | 2.75 |
| Speed of Closure | 2.88 | 2.62 |
| Far Vision | 2.75 | 2.88 |
| Memorization | 2.75 | 2.75 |
| Perceptual Speed | 2.62 | 2.75 |
| Mathematical Reasoning | 2.25 | 2.38 |
| Number Facility | 2.25 | 2.38 |
| Auditory Attention | 2.25 | 2.00 |
| Hearing Sensitivity | 1.75 | 1.25 |
| Trunk Strength | 1.75 | 1.12 |
| Visualization | 1.62 | 1.12 |
| Visual Color Discrimination | 1.62 | 0.88 |
| Wrist-Finger Speed | 1.50 | 0.50 |
| Manual Dexterity | 1.38 | 0.38 |
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | 1.25 | not rated |
| Finger Dexterity | 1.25 | not rated |
| Control Precision | 1.12 | not rated |
| Depth Perception | 1.12 | not rated |
| Peripheral Vision | 1.12 | not rated |
| Spatial Orientation | 1.12 | not rated |
| Dynamic Flexibility | 1.00 | not rated |
| Dynamic Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
| Explosive Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
| Extent Flexibility | 1.00 | not rated |
| Glare Sensitivity | 1.00 | not rated |
| Gross Body Coordination | 1.00 | not rated |
| Gross Body Equilibrium | 1.00 | not rated |
| Multilimb Coordination | 1.00 | not rated |
| Night Vision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Rate Control | 1.00 | not rated |
| Reaction Time | 1.00 | not rated |
| Response Orientation | 1.00 | not rated |
| Sound Localization | 1.00 | not rated |
| Speed of Limb Movement | 1.00 | not rated |
| Stamina | 1.00 | not rated |
| Static Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
Software used
Examples from O*NET data. "Hot" and "in demand" are O*NET flags for technologies often listed in job postings.
- Microsoft Office software in demand
- Adobe Acrobat hot
- Microsoft Access hot
- Microsoft Excel hot
- Microsoft Outlook hot
- Microsoft PowerPoint hot
- Microsoft Windows hot
- Microsoft Word hot
- SAP software hot
- Courtroom scheduling software
- Email software
- LexisNexis
- Online databases
- Thomson Reuters Westlaw
- Videoconferencing software
- Web browser software
Where it concentrates
Metro areas ranked by BLS location quotient: the occupation's share of the area's jobs divided by its share of all US jobs. Above 1 means more concentrated than the nation. Metros employing fewer than 100 are left out.
| Metro area | Employment | Location quotient | Median annual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR | 320 | 8.51 | $64,620 |
| Lansing-East Lansing, MI | 120 | 5.34 | $144,660 |
| Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | 200 | 4.27 | $103,860 |
| Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA | 140 | 4.09 | $100,110 |
| Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT | 230 | 3.56 | $95,990 |
| Columbus, OH | 390 | 3.37 | $77,330 |
| Richmond, VA | 210 | 2.96 | $89,380 |
| Columbia, SC | 100 | 2.39 | $80,820 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 660 | 2.01 | $151,990 |
| Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 260 | 1.85 | $130,940 |