Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
- O*NET-SOC code
23-1023.00 - Preparation Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Wages
Median annual wage, U.S.$153,990
Employment, U.S.24,030
Median hourly wage$74.03
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $46,950 | $85,710 | $153,990 | $194,950 | $221,710 |
By state (43)
| State | Employment | Median annual | Location quotient |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 560 | $52,850 | 1.73 |
| Alaska | 140 | $183,310 | 2.86 |
| Arizona | 590 | $93,280 | 1.18 |
| Arkansas | 240 | Not available | 1.20 |
| Colorado | 620 | $198,790 | 1.39 |
| Connecticut | 230 | $217,760 | 0.88 |
| Delaware | 120 | $131,340 | 1.60 |
| Florida | 1,380 | $186,040 | 0.90 |
| Georgia | 1,190 | $133,660 | 1.57 |
| Hawaii | 120 | $211,810 | 1.22 |
| Idaho | 250 | $172,920 | 1.91 |
| Indiana | 790 | $183,000 | 1.59 |
| Iowa | 410 | $147,510 | 1.68 |
| Kansas | 420 | $148,910 | 1.91 |
| Kentucky | 370 | $150,650 | 1.19 |
| Louisiana | 180 | $83,040 | 0.59 |
| Maine | 100 | $161,470 | 0.97 |
| Maryland | 170 | $172,190 | 0.40 |
| Massachusetts | 610 | $221,710 | 1.08 |
| Michigan | 570 | $51,210 | 0.83 |
| Minnesota | 590 | $190,110 | 1.30 |
| Mississippi | 360 | $49,960 | 2.00 |
| Missouri | 600 | Not available | 1.32 |
| Montana | 70 | $84,630 | 0.90 |
| Nebraska | 160 | $208,180 | 1.03 |
| Nevada | 90 | $166,360 | 0.37 |
| New Jersey | 920 | $204,160 | 1.39 |
| New Mexico | 250 | $205,400 | 1.83 |
| New York | 2,270 | $216,390 | 1.51 |
| North Dakota | 130 | $171,100 | 1.90 |
| Ohio | 1,720 | $95,260 | 2.01 |
| Oregon | 40 | $166,400 | 0.14 |
| Pennsylvania | $110,580 | ||
| Rhode Island | 120 | $239,760 | 1.53 |
| South Carolina | 670 | $86,210 | 1.87 |
| Tennessee | 420 | $208,350 | 0.83 |
| Texas | 2,770 | $139,990 | 1.27 |
| Utah | 100 | $92,780 | 0.37 |
| Vermont | 80 | $194,170 | 1.71 |
| Virginia | 1,270 | $104,000 | 2.00 |
| Washington | 1,040 | $134,270 | 1.90 |
| West Virginia | 350 | $63,240 | 3.20 |
| Wisconsin | 130 | $76,620 | 0.30 |
Similar occupations
Similarity is our measure: the cosine of importance x level over all 120 O*NET skills, knowledge areas and abilities. It is not an O*NET finding. More.
Circles are the 20 most similar occupations, coloured by Job Zone. Lines join pairs where one is among the other's 10 most similar; darker lines are pairs O*NET also lists as related. Drag a circle to move it out of the way; select one to open it.
| # | Occupation | Job Zone | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers | 5 | 0.978 |
| 2 | Lawyers | 5 | 0.966 |
| 3 | Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers | 4 | 0.959 |
| 4 | Labor Relations Specialists | 4 | 0.953 |
| 5 | Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts | 4 | 0.950 |
| 6 | Judicial Law Clerks | 5 | 0.949 |
| 7 | Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators | 5 | 0.943 |
| 8 | Regulatory Affairs Specialists | 4 | 0.942 |
| 9 | Compliance Managers | 4 | 0.942 |
| 10 | Private Detectives and Investigators | 3 | 0.938 |
One skill away
Among the 50 occupations most similar to Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates, those at the same Job Zone or lower, where exactly one skill rated at least 3 in importance needs a level more than 0.75 points higher (on O*NET's 0-7 level scale). Our definition. Change the thresholds.
| Occupation | Skill to build | Level gap | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lawyers | Persuasion | 1.38 | 0.966 |
| Labor Relations Specialists | Persuasion | 0.76 | 0.953 |
| Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts | Mathematics | 1.00 | 0.950 |
| Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators | Negotiation | 1.00 | 0.943 |
| Child, Family, and School Social Workers | Service Orientation | 1.24 | 0.923 |
| Climate Change Policy Analysts | Mathematics | 1.13 | 0.919 |
| Loan Interviewers and Clerks | Mathematics | 1.00 | 0.914 |
| Special Education Teachers, Preschool | Learning Strategies | 1.37 | 0.909 |
| Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents | Mathematics | 1.13 | 0.908 |
| Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | Mathematics | 1.00 | 0.906 |
Software to learn next
Software used by at least 3 of the 20 occupations most similar to Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates, excluding software Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates already lists and any you named. Ranked by how many of them use it, weighted by how much more common it is among them than across all occupations (lift). Our ranking.
| Software | Similar jobs using it | Lift |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Access | 18 of 20 | 2.2x |
| Microsoft SharePoint | 10 of 20 | 2.8x |
| Corel WordPerfect Office Suite | 4 of 20 | 2.9x |
| Tax software | 3 of 20 | 4.1x |
| NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software | 3 of 20 | 3.7x |
| Healthcare common procedure coding system HCPCS | 3 of 20 | 3.5x |
| Microsoft Visio | 6 of 20 | 1.9x |
| Oracle PeopleSoft | 4 of 20 | 2.3x |
| Structured query language SQL | 5 of 20 | 1.5x |
| Microsoft Windows | 7 of 20 | 1.3x |
Skills
From O*NET data. Importance is rated 1 to 5 and level 0 to 7.
| Skill | Type | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active Listening | Essential skill | 5.00 | 5.88 |
| Critical Thinking | Essential skill | 4.88 | 5.75 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | Transferable skill | 4.25 | 4.75 |
| Reading Comprehension | Essential skill | 4.25 | 4.75 |
| Complex Problem Solving | Transferable skill | 4.12 | 5.00 |
| Speaking | Essential skill | 4.12 | 4.88 |
| Writing | Essential skill | 4.12 | 4.88 |
| Active Learning | Essential skill | 4.00 | 4.62 |
| Social Perceptiveness | Transferable skill | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Monitoring | Essential skill | 3.88 | 4.12 |
| Time Management | Transferable skill | 3.38 | 4.00 |
| Negotiation | Transferable skill | 3.25 | 3.88 |
| Persuasion | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.62 |
| Coordination | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.25 |
| Systems Analysis | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.25 |
| Instructing | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.12 |
| Service Orientation | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 2.88 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | Transferable skill | 2.88 | 3.12 |
| Systems Evaluation | Transferable skill | 2.88 | 3.00 |
| Learning Strategies | Essential skill | 2.75 | 2.88 |
| Operations Analysis | Transferable skill | 2.38 | 2.38 |
| Mathematics | Essential skill | 2.12 | 2.12 |
| Science | Essential skill | 1.75 | 1.38 |
| Technology Design | Transferable skill | 1.75 | 0.75 |
| Management of Financial Resources | Transferable skill | 1.62 | 0.75 |
| Management of Material Resources | Transferable skill | 1.62 | 0.75 |
| Operations Monitoring | Transferable skill | 1.25 | not rated |
| Programming | Transferable skill | 1.25 | not rated |
| Equipment Maintenance | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Equipment Selection | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Installation | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Operation and Control | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Quality Control Analysis | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Repairing | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Troubleshooting | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
Knowledge (33) and abilities (52)
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Law and Government | 4.90 | 6.16 |
| English Language | 4.51 | 5.36 |
| Administration and Management | 3.60 | 4.70 |
| Psychology | 3.36 | 4.53 |
| Customer and Personal Service | 3.25 | 4.19 |
| Public Safety and Security | 3.10 | 3.24 |
| Computers and Electronics | 2.78 | 3.17 |
| Therapy and Counseling | 2.68 | 3.29 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | 2.59 | 3.73 |
| Communications and Media | 2.45 | 2.76 |
| Sociology and Anthropology | 2.45 | 2.73 |
| Education and Training | 2.25 | 2.58 |
| Administrative | 2.15 | 1.99 |
| Mathematics | 2.10 | 2.52 |
| Economics and Accounting | 1.97 | 1.38 |
| Telecommunications | 1.86 | 1.09 |
| Foreign Language | 1.62 | 1.22 |
| Geography | 1.58 | 0.94 |
| History and Archeology | 1.57 | 0.89 |
| Philosophy and Theology | 1.55 | 1.37 |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1.55 | 0.92 |
| Transportation | 1.48 | not rated |
| Biology | 1.36 | 0.68 |
| Chemistry | 1.36 | 0.54 |
| Building and Construction | 1.28 | not rated |
| Physics | 1.26 | 0.57 |
| Mechanical | 1.23 | not rated |
| Engineering and Technology | 1.17 | not rated |
| Production and Processing | 1.13 | not rated |
| Sales and Marketing | 1.06 | not rated |
| Design | 1.00 | not rated |
| Fine Arts | 1.00 | not rated |
| Food Production | 1.00 | not rated |
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Deductive Reasoning | 4.62 | 5.00 |
| Oral Comprehension | 4.62 | 5.00 |
| Written Comprehension | 4.38 | 5.00 |
| Inductive Reasoning | 4.25 | 5.00 |
| Oral Expression | 4.25 | 5.00 |
| Written Expression | 4.12 | 5.00 |
| Speech Clarity | 4.12 | 4.38 |
| Near Vision | 4.00 | 4.50 |
| Problem Sensitivity | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Speech Recognition | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Information Ordering | 3.88 | 4.00 |
| Category Flexibility | 3.25 | 3.12 |
| Fluency of Ideas | 3.00 | 3.75 |
| Originality | 3.00 | 3.12 |
| Selective Attention | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Flexibility of Closure | 2.88 | 3.12 |
| Speed of Closure | 2.88 | 3.00 |
| Memorization | 2.75 | 2.88 |
| Perceptual Speed | 2.75 | 2.62 |
| Time Sharing | 2.62 | 2.75 |
| Far Vision | 2.38 | 2.88 |
| Mathematical Reasoning | 2.12 | 2.62 |
| Number Facility | 2.00 | 2.25 |
| Visualization | 2.00 | 1.88 |
| Visual Color Discrimination | 2.00 | 1.12 |
| Auditory Attention | 1.88 | 1.25 |
| Hearing Sensitivity | 1.88 | 1.00 |
| Finger Dexterity | 1.50 | 0.62 |
| Gross Body Coordination | 1.38 | 0.50 |
| Dynamic Strength | 1.12 | not rated |
| Reaction Time | 1.12 | not rated |
| Response Orientation | 1.12 | not rated |
| Static Strength | 1.12 | not rated |
| Trunk Strength | 1.12 | not rated |
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | 1.00 | not rated |
| Control Precision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Depth Perception | 1.00 | not rated |
| Dynamic Flexibility | 1.00 | not rated |
| Explosive Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
| Extent Flexibility | 1.00 | not rated |
| Glare Sensitivity | 1.00 | not rated |
| Gross Body Equilibrium | 1.00 | not rated |
| Manual Dexterity | 1.00 | not rated |
| Multilimb Coordination | 1.00 | not rated |
| Night Vision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Peripheral Vision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Rate Control | 1.00 | not rated |
| Sound Localization | 1.00 | not rated |
| Spatial Orientation | 1.00 | not rated |
| Speed of Limb Movement | 1.00 | not rated |
| Stamina | 1.00 | not rated |
| Wrist-Finger Speed | 1.00 | not rated |
Software used
Examples from O*NET data. "Hot" and "in demand" are O*NET flags for technologies often listed in job postings.
- Microsoft Excel in demand
- Microsoft Office software in demand
- Microsoft Outlook in demand
- Adobe Acrobat hot
- Microsoft PowerPoint hot
- Microsoft Word hot
- Courtroom scheduling software
- Email software
- Hyland OnBase Enterprise Content Management
- LexisNexis
- Online databases
- Thomson Reuters Westlaw
- Videoconferencing software
- Web browser software
Where it concentrates
Metro areas ranked by BLS location quotient: the occupation's share of the area's jobs divided by its share of all US jobs. Above 1 means more concentrated than the nation. Metros employing fewer than 100 are left out.
| Metro area | Employment | Location quotient | Median annual |
|---|---|---|---|
| San Juan-Bayamon-Caguas, PR | 490 | 4.55 | Not available |
| Boise City, ID | 240 | 4.03 | $172,920 |
| Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX | 710 | 3.53 | $153,990 |
| Cleveland, OH | 440 | 2.76 | $80,020 |
| Toledo, OH | 120 | 2.73 | Not available |
| Syracuse, NY | 120 | 2.60 | $172,270 |
| Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC | 290 | 2.49 | $104,000 |
| Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH | 130 | 2.27 | $104,760 |
| Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY | 180 | 2.12 | $174,250 |
| Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | 150 | 2.11 | $172,410 |