Historians
Research, analyze, record, and interpret the past as recorded in sources, such as government and institutional records, newspapers and other periodicals, photographs, interviews, films, electronic media, and unpublished manuscripts, such as personal diaries and letters.
- O*NET-SOC code
19-3093.00 - Preparation Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Wages
Median annual wage, U.S.$76,750
Employment, U.S.3,450
Median hourly wage$36.90
| 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $42,730 | $57,290 | $76,750 | $99,990 | $131,810 |
By state (35)
| State | Employment | Median annual | Location quotient |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 60 | $72,490 | 1.20 |
| California | 210 | $97,420 | 0.52 |
| Connecticut | 40 | $66,770 | 1.03 |
| District of Columbia | 250 | $118,290 | 16.30 |
| Florida | 110 | $74,740 | 0.52 |
| Georgia | 110 | $63,840 | 1.05 |
| Hawaii | 70 | $92,520 | 4.86 |
| Illinois | $89,670 | ||
| Indiana | 30 | $63,770 | 0.49 |
| Kansas | 40 | $72,600 | 1.15 |
| Kentucky | 50 | $63,530 | 1.06 |
| Louisiana | 60 | $80,620 | 1.37 |
| Maryland | 50 | $120,580 | 0.74 |
| Massachusetts | $121,710 | ||
| Michigan | 80 | $62,920 | 0.82 |
| Minnesota | 50 | $103,040 | 0.73 |
| Mississippi | 90 | $46,010 | 3.37 |
| Missouri | 50 | $64,230 | 0.71 |
| Nebraska | 30 | $70,050 | 1.53 |
| Nevada | $80,140 | ||
| New Jersey | 130 | $77,080 | 1.39 |
| New Mexico | 40 | $66,790 | 2.16 |
| New York | 410 | $62,960 | 1.90 |
| North Carolina | 120 | $73,440 | 1.05 |
| Ohio | $60,350 | ||
| Oklahoma | 50 | $50,980 | 1.44 |
| Oregon | 40 | $99,560 | 0.88 |
| Pennsylvania | 70 | $71,970 | 0.53 |
| South Carolina | 60 | $52,120 | 1.11 |
| Tennessee | 40 | $71,080 | 0.56 |
| Texas | 130 | $78,240 | 0.41 |
| Utah | 80 | $33,840 | 2.20 |
| Virginia | 180 | $101,920 | 1.99 |
| Washington | 30 | $99,720 | 0.41 |
| Wisconsin | 50 | $45,810 | 0.78 |
Similar occupations
Similarity is our measure: the cosine of importance x level over all 120 O*NET skills, knowledge areas and abilities. It is not an O*NET finding. More.
Circles are the 20 most similar occupations, coloured by Job Zone. Lines join pairs where one is among the other's 10 most similar; darker lines are pairs O*NET also lists as related. Drag a circle to move it out of the way; select one to open it.
| # | Occupation | Job Zone | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | History Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.957 |
| 2 | Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.956 |
| 3 | Anthropologists and Archeologists | 5 | 0.950 |
| 4 | Curators | 5 | 0.944 |
| 5 | Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.944 |
| 6 | English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.942 |
| 7 | Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.936 |
| 8 | Geography Teachers, Postsecondary | 5 | 0.936 |
| 9 | Geographers | 4 | 0.934 |
| 10 | Archivists | 5 | 0.933 |
One skill away
Among the 50 occupations most similar to Historians, those at the same Job Zone or lower, where exactly one skill rated at least 3 in importance needs a level more than 0.75 points higher (on O*NET's 0-7 level scale). Our definition. Change the thresholds.
| Occupation | Skill to build | Level gap | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropologists and Archeologists | Systems Analysis | 1.00 | 0.950 |
| Archivists | Service Orientation | 0.87 | 0.933 |
| Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | Writing | 0.87 | 0.915 |
| News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists | Social Perceptiveness | 0.76 | 0.914 |
| Intelligence Analysts | Systems Evaluation | 1.00 | 0.912 |
| Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary | Service Orientation | 0.87 | 0.910 |
| Teaching Assistants, Special Education | Service Orientation | 0.87 | 0.895 |
| Park Naturalists | Service Orientation | 1.00 | 0.887 |
| Librarians and Media Collections Specialists | Service Orientation | 1.13 | 0.886 |
Software to learn next
Software used by at least 3 of the 20 occupations most similar to Historians, excluding software Historians already lists and any you named. Ranked by how many of them use it, weighted by how much more common it is among them than across all occupations (lift). Our ranking.
| Software | Similar jobs using it | Lift |
|---|---|---|
| Image scanning software | 9 of 20 | 11.2x |
| Course management system software | 9 of 20 | 10.9x |
| DOC Cop | 9 of 20 | 10.9x |
| Sakai CLE | 9 of 20 | 10.9x |
| iParadigms Turnitin | 9 of 20 | 10.9x |
| Collaborative editing software | 9 of 20 | 10.6x |
| Desire2Learn LMS software | 9 of 20 | 10.6x |
| Blackboard Learn | 9 of 20 | 10.4x |
| Learning management system LMS | 9 of 20 | 8.8x |
| Google Docs | 11 of 20 | 4.8x |
Skills
From O*NET data. Importance is rated 1 to 5 and level 0 to 7.
| Skill | Type | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reading Comprehension | Essential skill | 4.75 | 4.88 |
| Writing | Essential skill | 4.12 | 4.88 |
| Critical Thinking | Essential skill | 4.12 | 4.38 |
| Speaking | Essential skill | 4.00 | 4.12 |
| Active Learning | Essential skill | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Active Listening | Essential skill | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Complex Problem Solving | Transferable skill | 3.38 | 3.25 |
| Learning Strategies | Essential skill | 3.25 | 3.62 |
| Instructing | Transferable skill | 3.12 | 3.25 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | Transferable skill | 3.12 | 3.25 |
| Social Perceptiveness | Transferable skill | 3.12 | 3.12 |
| Monitoring | Essential skill | 3.00 | 3.12 |
| Coordination | Transferable skill | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Time Management | Transferable skill | 2.88 | 2.62 |
| Persuasion | Transferable skill | 2.75 | 2.88 |
| Science | Essential skill | 2.62 | 2.50 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | Transferable skill | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| Negotiation | Transferable skill | 2.50 | 2.38 |
| Service Orientation | Transferable skill | 2.38 | 2.25 |
| Systems Analysis | Transferable skill | 2.25 | 2.00 |
| Systems Evaluation | Transferable skill | 2.25 | 2.00 |
| Operations Analysis | Transferable skill | 2.00 | 1.62 |
| Mathematics | Essential skill | 2.00 | 1.25 |
| Management of Material Resources | Transferable skill | 1.75 | 0.88 |
| Management of Financial Resources | Transferable skill | 1.62 | 0.75 |
| Quality Control Analysis | Transferable skill | 1.62 | 0.62 |
| Technology Design | Transferable skill | 1.50 | 0.50 |
| Programming | Transferable skill | 1.38 | 0.50 |
| Operations Monitoring | Transferable skill | 1.38 | 0.38 |
| Equipment Maintenance | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Equipment Selection | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Installation | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Operation and Control | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Repairing | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
| Troubleshooting | Transferable skill | 1.00 | not rated |
Knowledge (33) and abilities (52)
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| History and Archeology | 4.60 | 5.82 |
| English Language | 4.07 | 4.59 |
| Sociology and Anthropology | 3.57 | 4.71 |
| Geography | 3.50 | 4.71 |
| Administrative | 3.46 | 4.10 |
| Education and Training | 3.27 | 3.72 |
| Communications and Media | 3.05 | 3.48 |
| Fine Arts | 2.92 | 2.98 |
| Customer and Personal Service | 2.86 | 2.81 |
| Administration and Management | 2.74 | 2.67 |
| Computers and Electronics | 2.67 | 3.64 |
| Design | 2.64 | 2.98 |
| Philosophy and Theology | 2.54 | 3.52 |
| Building and Construction | 2.34 | not rated |
| Law and Government | 2.24 | 2.52 |
| Mathematics | 2.22 | 2.23 |
| Public Safety and Security | 2.12 | 1.94 |
| Production and Processing | 1.86 | 1.31 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | 1.82 | 1.59 |
| Telecommunications | 1.78 | 1.37 |
| Foreign Language | 1.73 | 1.29 |
| Sales and Marketing | 1.70 | 1.75 |
| Engineering and Technology | 1.69 | 1.40 |
| Chemistry | 1.68 | 1.58 |
| Transportation | 1.66 | not rated |
| Psychology | 1.65 | 1.51 |
| Economics and Accounting | 1.63 | 1.08 |
| Therapy and Counseling | 1.60 | not rated |
| Physics | 1.53 | 0.94 |
| Mechanical | 1.52 | 1.14 |
| Biology | 1.51 | 1.30 |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1.41 | 0.71 |
| Food Production | 1.27 | not rated |
| Name | Importance | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Written Comprehension | 4.88 | 5.00 |
| Written Expression | 4.25 | 4.88 |
| Oral Expression | 4.00 | 4.88 |
| Oral Comprehension | 4.00 | 4.75 |
| Near Vision | 4.00 | 4.12 |
| Inductive Reasoning | 3.88 | 4.00 |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.75 | 3.88 |
| Speech Clarity | 3.75 | 3.75 |
| Speech Recognition | 3.50 | 3.38 |
| Information Ordering | 3.38 | 3.38 |
| Fluency of Ideas | 3.25 | 3.62 |
| Category Flexibility | 3.25 | 3.38 |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.12 | 3.50 |
| Selective Attention | 3.00 | 2.62 |
| Originality | 2.88 | 3.00 |
| Far Vision | 2.75 | 2.88 |
| Flexibility of Closure | 2.75 | 2.75 |
| Memorization | 2.50 | 2.25 |
| Trunk Strength | 2.25 | 1.62 |
| Perceptual Speed | 2.12 | 2.12 |
| Speed of Closure | 2.12 | 2.12 |
| Time Sharing | 2.12 | 1.88 |
| Auditory Attention | 2.12 | 1.75 |
| Visualization | 2.00 | 1.75 |
| Mathematical Reasoning | 2.00 | 1.62 |
| Visual Color Discrimination | 2.00 | 1.62 |
| Number Facility | 2.00 | 1.38 |
| Depth Perception | 1.88 | 0.88 |
| Wrist-Finger Speed | 1.75 | 0.75 |
| Hearing Sensitivity | 1.50 | 0.50 |
| Control Precision | 1.25 | not rated |
| Finger Dexterity | 1.25 | not rated |
| Manual Dexterity | 1.25 | not rated |
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | 1.12 | not rated |
| Extent Flexibility | 1.12 | not rated |
| Stamina | 1.12 | not rated |
| Dynamic Flexibility | 1.00 | not rated |
| Dynamic Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
| Explosive Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
| Glare Sensitivity | 1.00 | not rated |
| Gross Body Coordination | 1.00 | not rated |
| Gross Body Equilibrium | 1.00 | not rated |
| Multilimb Coordination | 1.00 | not rated |
| Night Vision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Peripheral Vision | 1.00 | not rated |
| Rate Control | 1.00 | not rated |
| Reaction Time | 1.00 | not rated |
| Response Orientation | 1.00 | not rated |
| Sound Localization | 1.00 | not rated |
| Spatial Orientation | 1.00 | not rated |
| Speed of Limb Movement | 1.00 | not rated |
| Static Strength | 1.00 | not rated |
Software used
Examples from O*NET data. "Hot" and "in demand" are O*NET flags for technologies often listed in job postings.
- Adobe Acrobat in demand
- ESRI ArcGIS software in demand
- Microsoft Excel in demand
- Microsoft Office software in demand
- Microsoft PowerPoint in demand
- Microsoft Word in demand
- Adobe InDesign hot
- Adobe Photoshop hot
- Extensible markup language XML hot
- IBM SPSS Statistics hot
- Microsoft Access hot
- Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP hot
- Microsoft SharePoint hot
- Structured query language SQL hot
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- Archival databases
- ArchiveGrid
- Archives Wiki
- Audio editing software
- Corel WordPerfect Office Suite
- Database management systems
- Digital image collections
- Digital mapping software
- Email software
- Geographic information system GIS software
- Geographic information system GIS systems
- Google Books NGram Viewer
- Gutenberg-e
- Library of Congress digital collections
All 47
- National Archives online databases
- National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections (NUCMC)
- Page markers
- ProQuest Archive Finder
- QuarkXPress
- Reference management software
- Relational database management system RDMS
- Scanning software
- Searchable online catalogs
- Smithsonian Institution digital archives
- Statistical analysis software
- Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software
- Text mining software
- TokenX
- Web Scrapbook
- Web browser software
- Wonderware software
Where it concentrates
Metro areas ranked by BLS location quotient: the occupation's share of the area's jobs divided by its share of all US jobs. Above 1 means more concentrated than the nation. Metros employing fewer than 100 are left out.
| Metro area | Employment | Location quotient | Median annual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 410 | 5.95 | $115,690 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | 180 | 0.88 | $80,400 |